Calculate the Index of Coincidence (IC) of text for cryptanalysis and language identification. Supports English letter frequency statistics.
Please enter text with at least 2 letters to calculate the Index of Coincidence.
The Index of Coincidence (IC) is a statistical measure used to quantify the uniformity of letter distribution in a text. It is particularly useful in cryptanalysis to help determine if a text is encrypted and what encryption method might have been used.
An IC value close to 0.0667 suggests the text is likely a natural language (e.g., English); an IC value close to 0.0385 suggests the text is random or well-encrypted. Normalized IC multiplies the result by 26 (the number of English letters) to make it easier to interpret.
Random Number Generator
Generate random integers or decimals within a specified range, featuring duplicate removal, sorting, and formatted output.
Random Password Generator
Customize character types and length to generate strong random passwords and secure your accounts.
Caesar Cipher Encoder & Decoder
Easily encrypt and decrypt text using the Caesar cipher (shift cipher) with custom alphabets and shift values online.
Vigenère Cipher Encoder & Decoder
Encrypt or decrypt text using the classic polyalphabetic substitution algorithm. Ideal for cryptography learning and testing.
SHAKE Hash Generator
Variable-length hash generator for SHAKE-128/256, featuring salt support, multiple iterations, and various input/output formats.
When determining whether an encrypted text retains natural language characteristics, the Index of Coincidence (IC) is a crucial metric. By analyzing English letter frequencies, this tool calculates the probability that two randomly selected letters are identical. It outputs an IC value typically ranging from 0.0385 (completely random text) to 0.067 (standard English), providing a quantitative basis for cryptanalysis.
What does an IC value of 0.05 mean?
It indicates that the text's randomness falls between standard English (0.067) and complete randomness (0.0385), suggesting it may have undergone weak encryption.
Why is a minimum of 100 characters required?
Short texts are prone to high statistical fluctuations. A minimum of 100 characters ensures the IC value is representative, though 300+ characters are recommended for higher accuracy.
The analysis results only reflect letter distribution characteristics and do not involve semantics. For texts exceeding 100,000 characters, we recommend processing them in segments. All calculations are performed locally in your browser, ensuring zero risk of data leaks.
The typical IC value is approximately 0.067 for English, 0.078 for French, and 0.076 for German. When analyzing a Vigenère cipher, you can calculate the IC values for segmented parts of the ciphertext. If the IC values of the segments at a specific length approach the English baseline, that length is highly likely to be the key length.
